The IEEE Internet of Things (IoT) is a framework for enabling connectivity and communication between systems and devices. As a result, it allows the development of intelligent network devices. They can gather and share data, monitor and control processes, and optimize operations across various industries and applications.
The interconnectedness of systems, objects, and devices that enables them to gather and exchange data is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). The IEEE is a professional association dedicated to improving technology for the benefit of humanity. IEEE is significantly influencing the IoT ecosystem by creating standards and recommendations that promote compatibility and interoperability across diverse platforms, devices, and systems.
The perception, network, middleware, and application layers are only a few of the layers that comprise the IEEE IoT ecosystem. The perception layer has several sensors, actuators, and cameras that gather information from the surroundings. The network layer has several gateways and communication protocols that allow data to move between systems and devices. Various software elements that enable data processing, storage, and analysis are in the middleware layer. Finally, numerous IoT applications are in the application layer, which uses the data produced by IoT devices to offer value-added services to end users.
IoT primarily entails using software and cloud computing technologies to analyze and respond to data in real-time collected from the physical world via sensors and other connected devices, as well as other software to collect data from the physical world. This enables the development of intelligent systems that can decide what to do and how to do it depending on the data they gather, increasing efficiency, production, and cost savings.
Interoperability, scalability, security, and privacy are just a few of the fundamental ideas upon which we build the IEEE IoT framework.
Privacy
Several IoT (Internet of Things) standards the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) created address privacy and security issues.
IEEE 802.11ah specifies the physical and medium access control layer requirements for wireless IoT devices. It is one of the most significant standards. In addition, this standard incorporates privacy-preserving features like encryption and authentication to guarantee the security of data sent between IoT devices and their networks.
IEEE P2413, another significant standard, offers a foundation for creating IoT architectures. This standard underlines the importance of building IoT systems with privacy and security in mind from the beginning.
In addition, the IEEE P2933.1 standard focuses on security and privacy in IoT systems. With the help of this standard, IoT developers may create systems that respect user privacy, reduce the gathering of personal data, and provide consumers control over their data.
Generally speaking, IEEE standards are crucial in ensuring that IoT systems and devices are created with privacy and security in mind, protecting user data, and preventing unauthorized access to IoT networks.
Interoperability
The IEEE IoT (Internet of Things) standards place a premium on interoperability, which is the capacity of various systems and devices to operate efficiently and effectively together. Interoperability in the IoT refers to the ability of devices from various manufacturers and operating systems to communicate with one another and exchange data in a standardized and reliable manner.
The IEEE IoT standards provide a common framework for assuring interoperability among IoT systems and devices. These standards provide the communication interfaces, protocols, and data formats that IoT devices must follow and the controls for handling data privacy and security.
For several reasons, interoperability is crucial. It first makes it possible to build a uniform IoT ecosystem where devices can easily interact with one another to enhance user experience. It also fosters innovation and competition by enabling various manufacturers to design devices that can cooperate rather than being restricted to proprietary systems. Finally, interoperability allows IoT devices to exchange data and resources more effectively, which can assist in lowering costs and boosting efficiency.
Interoperability is crucial to the IEEE IoT standards since it creates a unified and effective IoT ecosystem that can benefit consumers and enterprises.
Scalability
Connecting gadgets to the internet allows them to exchange data and communicate with one another, and this process is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). The IEEE IoT effort seeks to increase knowledge of and use of IoT applications and technology, including creating standards for IoT systems and devices. Scalability, which in this case refers to the capability of IoT systems to handle growing volumes of data and devices as they increase in size and complexity, is a crucial component of IEEE IoT.
Because IoT systems sometimes contain large numbers of devices and generate enormous volumes of data, scalability is crucial. As the number of devices grows, so does the volume of data they produce in an IoT system. Real-time processing and analysis of this data are necessary to derive insightful conclusions and inform wise choices. The system must also be capable of handling the boosted traffic and processing requirements that come with scaling up.
The necessity for effective and dependable communication between devices is one of the main obstacles to scaling IoT systems. IoT devices often connect to the internet and one another via wireless communication protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or Zigbee. Unfortunately, the volume of traffic on these wireless networks also grows as the number of devices in the system does, which may cause congestion and performance problems.
Security
Several security features in the IEEE IoT (Internet of Things) standard aim to defend IoT systems and devices from various dangers, including illegal access, data breaches, and cyberattacks. Several of the IEEE IoT standard’s essential security elements are listed below:
Access control and authentication Only authorized users and devices can access the IoT network thanks to procedures for device authentication and access control included in the IEEE IoT standard. This lessens the likelihood of data breaches and illegal access.
Data protection and encryption: The IEEE IoT standard contains data protection and encryption features to help ensure that sensitive data exchanged between IoT devices and systems is secure and shielded from eavesdropping or tampering.
Security protocols: The IEEE IoT standard contains several security protocols, including the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. It enables secure internet communication, and the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol, which enables secure IoT device communication.
Updates to the firmware are allowed by the IEEE IoT standard. It helps keep IoT devices secure by addressing security flaws and issues that hackers could abuse.
Privacy protection: The IEEE IoT standard includes privacy protection clauses that help to guarantee that user data is gathered and processed in line with privacy laws and industry best practices.
The IEEE IoT standard offers a thorough framework for securing IoT systems and devices. Its security features address the particular problems IoT networks present. They include the high density of connected devices, the variety of communication protocols, and the limited computing power.
IoT-based ISO/IEC & IEEE Standards
ISO/IEC 30141
According to the organization, the Internet of Things (IoT) – Reference Architecture offers an IoT Reference Architecture that follows international standards. They assist in making linked systems safer, seamless, and more resilient. It intends to accomplish this by giving IoT application developers and designers a standard architecture. Additionally, it makes it easier to construct dependable systems which are dependable, privacy-friendly, safe, and resilient to interruptions like attacks and natural disasters.
It highlights non-functional requirements such as system maintainability, high availability, dependability, usability, scalability, and functional requirements. Therefore, by employing reference architecture, you can increase interoperability and make it easy for others to access your data while making enabling outsiders comprehend your system. You will realize that there are six domains with related entities communicating and exchanging data via a network.
The IoT reference architecture’s conceptual building blocks, which comprise the following:
- Things are tangible things or gadgets connecting to available internet.
- Devices that link things to the internet and perform protocol translation and other tasks include gateways.
- Network infrastructure refers to the underlying network that links devices and gateways.
- Services are platforms and software programs that give the Internet of Things ecosystem functionality.
- Applications and analytics are software programs and services that use and analyze data produced by the Internet of Things environment.
The standard also offers instructions on creating and implementing IoT solutions using the reference architecture. It is intended for use by businesses engaged in the design, deployment, and administration of IoT systems and solutions and by academics and researchers working in the sector.
ISO/IEC 30165
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) produced the ISO/IEC 30165 standard. It offers a foundation for real-time Internet of Things (IoT) systems.
Real-time IoT systems identify by their capacity to process and react to data in close to real-time, and the standard outlines their architecture, functionality, and interfaces. Furthermore, outlining standard interfaces and protocols seeks to guarantee interoperability and compatibility amongst various IoT systems.
The real-time IoT system requirements provided by ISO/IEC 30165 cover system architecture, data management, security, connectivity, and performance. It includes many uses, such as transportation, smart cities, healthcare, and industrial automation.
The standard can assist businesses in creating and implementing dependable, secure, and scalable real-time IoT systems. Additionally, manufacturers and service providers can use it as a guide to ensure their goods and offerings satisfy the needs of real-time IoT systems.
The IoT standards ISO/IEC 30165, IoT architecture, IoT reference model, IoT interoperability, and IoT privacy and security are all included in this series.
IEEE P1912
The design and implementation of ethical considerations for autonomous and intelligent systems are covered by IEEE P1912.
Moreover, IoT also presents ethical issues regarding privacy, security, and the possibility of data exploitation. IoT system designers and developers can follow P1912’s guidelines to ensure their creations adhere to moral standards and ethical values.
P1912 discusses the importance of creating IoT systems with transparency, privacy, security, and accountability. These systems should have security in mind and have the necessary safeguards to thwart malicious attacks or unauthorized access. They should also have processes for identifying and fixing any flaws or issues that may occur.
So, IEEE P1912 offers helpful advice for the ethical design and implementation of autonomous and intelligent systems. They include those that are a part of the Internet of Things. This is true even though it is not unique to IoT.
IEEE 1451-99
As a standard for smart transducers, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers developed IEEE 1451-99. (IEEE). An intelligent transducer is a device that combines a sensor or actuator with additional components. A microprocessor and communication interfaces communicate with other devices in a networked environment.
The IEEE 1451-99 standard defines several data formats and communication protocols that allow smart transducers to interact with other devices in a network. Since they are platform-independent, these formats and protocols can function with various smart transducers and network configurations.
The standard also contains a list of recommendations for building smart transducers that adhere to IEEE 1451-99. These suggestions cover the physical design of the transducer, its communication interfaces, and the data types it can support.
Overall, the IEEE 1451-99 standard provides a framework for developing intelligent transducers that may be integrated into many networked settings. As a result, it simplifies the collection and processing of data from various sensors and actuators.
IEEE P2413
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) established the IEEE P2413 standard. This standard outlines an Internet of Things (IoT) architectural framework. (IoT). The framework gives everyone a shared knowledge of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its numerous parts. They include devices, gateways, networks, and cloud services, as well as how they work together.
The standard aims to give IoT system developers a single language and infrastructure to aid interoperability, scalability, and security. Additionally, it offers instructions for designing and putting into practice IoT systems, along with suggestions for the application of open standards and best practices.
The IEEE P2413 standard includes three main components:
- Architectural Reference Model (ARM): The ARM outlines the high-level organization of an IoT system, outlining all of its constituent parts and how they relate to one another. The ARM outlines an IoT system’s characteristics and features, including sensing, actuation, and data processing.
- Architectural Ontology (AO): The AO offers a collection of ideas and expressions to apply to the elements and connections specified in the ARM. The AO attempts to give IoT stakeholders—developers, manufacturers, and users—a single language.
- Reference Architecture (RA): The RA implements the ARM and AO and guides the creation of IoT systems. The RA also offers instructions on implementing open standards and best practices to guarantee security and interoperability.
By giving IoT stakeholders a uniform structure and vocabulary, the IEEE P2413 standard seeks to encourage the development of safe and interoperable IoT systems.
IEEE 802.15.4-2015
A standard for low-rate wireless networks is IEEE 802.15.4-2015. The physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers are ideal for low-power & low-data-rate wireless networking. The standard accommodates various applications, such as intelligent energy, healthcare, industrial, and home automation.
The operating frequency ranges, modulation techniques, data rates, and network topologies employed by devices. These devices comply with the standard that are ideal within the standard. Additionally, it specifies the protocol and frame structure for data transmission between devices.
Star and peer-to-peer network topologies are supported by IEEE 802.15.4-2015. One device serves as the coordinator in a star topology, and all other devices communicate with it. In a peer-to-peer topology, all devices are capable of communication.
The IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard’s low power consumption is one of its essential characteristics. As a result, devices that follow the standard can run on modest batteries or even energy-harvesting resources. Examples include solar panels for long periods. The standard is, therefore, perfect for devices that need a lot of battery life or are challenging to power.
Overall, the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 standard for low-power wireless networking is significant. It offers devices a versatile and effective method of interfacing with one another in various applications.
