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PCBA Quality Control

PCBA QC techniques that may be performed during PCB assembly include: 1. Visual Inspections 2. X-ray Inspection 3.AOI Test 4. Electrical Testing,  Flying Probe E Test, Bed of Nails Test  5. ICT Test 6. FCT Test

PCB Assembly Quality Control System

PCB Assembly Quality Control

X-Ray Inspection for BGA Assembly

Our automated X-ray inspection systems are able to monitor a variety of aspects of a printed circuit board in assembly production. The inspection is done after the soldering process to monitor defects in soldering quality. Our equipment is able to”see” solder joints that are under packages such as BGAs, CSPs and FLIP chips WHERE the solder joints are hidden. 

 

This allows us to verify that the assembly is done right. The defects and other information detected by the inspection system can be quickly analyzed and the process altered to reduce the defects and improve the quality of the final products. In this way not only are actual faults detected, but the process can be altered to reduce the fault levels on the boards coming through. Use of this equipment allows us to ensure that the highest standards are maintained in our assembly.

PCB Assembly quality checklist

Components Quality control

To make sure the components to be used are good quality, there are several processes that we follow:

1. An overview of the visual electronic components inspection process includes:

 

* Packaging examined:

-Weighed and checked for damage

-Taping condition inspected-dented package etc.

-Original factory sealed vs. non-factory sealed

 

* Shipping documents verified

-Country of origin

-Purchase order and sales order numbers match

* Manufacturer P/N, quantity, date code verification, RoHS

* Moisture barrier protection verified (MSL)-vacuum sealed and humidity indicator with specification (HIC)

* Products and packaging (photographed and cataloged)

* Body marking inspection (faded markings, broken text, double print, ink stamps, etc.)

* Physical conditions inspection (lead bands, scratches, chipped edges, etc.)

* Any other visual irregularities found

Once our visual distribution inspection is completed, products are escalated to the next level-electronic components engineering distribution inspection for review.

2. Engineering Components Inspection

Our highly skilled and trained engineers receive the components for evaluation at a microscopic level to ensure consistency and quality. Any suspect parts or discrepancies that are discovered in the visual inspection process will either be verified or discounted by taking a product sampling of the material/parts.

The engineering electronic components distribution inspection process includes:

* Review visual inspection findings and notes

* Purchase and sales orders numbers verified

* Verification of labels (bar codes)

* Manufacturer’s logo and date log verification

* Moisture sensitivity level (MSL) and RoHS status

* Extensive marking permanency tests

* Review and comparison to manufacturer datasheet

* Additional photos taken and cataloged

* Solderibility Testing, the samples undergo an accelerated ‘aging ‘ process before being tested for solderibility, to take into consideration the natural aging effects of storage prior to board- mounting; In addition to the Engineering Components Inspection we have a higher level of inspection under the customer request.

3. By customer request, all components can pass a thorough final inspection in our Assembly facility.

 

Detectable defects list

Defect No.Defect DescriptionSelected Inspection Technology(s)Defect ClassAutomated Detection by final prototype
1Dry jointsAOISolderingNo
4BGA voidingX-raySolderingYes
5BGA bridgingX-raySolderingYes
6BGA tiltedX-raySolderingYes
7BGA missing ballsX-raySolderingYes
8BGA poor wettingX-raySolderingNot reliable detection
9BGA poor reflowX-raySolderingYes
10Leaded CC poor heel jointX-raySolderingNo
13Leaded CC lifted leadsAOISolderingNo
14SOT SOIC lead liftAOISolderingNot reliable detection
15Solder ballsAOISolderingYes
16PTH solder poor fillAOISolderingNo
17PTH poor lead wettingAOISolderingNo
18Heat plane delaminationSAM/Active thermographyBoardYes
19Plastic Encapsulated DelaminationSAM/Active thermographyComponentsYes
20Chip capacitor crackSAM/X-rayComponentsYes
21Missing componentAOIPlacementYes
22Tomb-stoningAOISolderingYes
23FlippedAOISoldering/PlacementYes
24TiltedAOIPlacementYes
25Solder shortPassive thermographySolderingYes